Prevalencia epidemiológica de agentes infecciosos asociados al aborto bovino en sistemas lecheros: revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63636/rciid.v5i2.83Palabras clave:
aborto bovino, epidemiología, prevalencia, bovinos lecheros, enfermedades infecciosasResumen
El aborto bovino representa una de las principales causas de pérdidas reproductivas y económicas en los sistemas de producción lechera a nivel mundial. Entre los factores etiológicos involucrados, los agentes infecciosos destacan por su impacto sobre la eficiencia reproductiva y la sostenibilidad sanitaria de los hatos. El objetivo de esta revisión integrativa fue analizar comparativamente la prevalencia epidemiológica de agentes infecciosos asociados al aborto bovino en sistemas lecheros de México, Latinoamérica y regiones epidemiológicamente comparables. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica siguiendo los principios PRISMA 2020 en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc y Google Scholar, considerando publicaciones entre 2000 y 2025. Los principales agentes identificados fueron Neospora caninum, virus de la diarrea viral bovina (BVDV), herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1), Leptospira spp. y Brucella abortus. Los estudios revisados evidenciaron amplia heterogeneidad epidemiológica asociada con diferencias diagnósticas, metodológicas y regionales. Se concluye que es necesario fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica, la estandarización diagnóstica y las estrategias integrales de bioseguridad para disminuir el impacto del aborto bovino infeccioso.
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